The Underground Railroad and Siblings Tubman first encountered the Underground Railroad when she used it to escape slavery herself in 1849. Following a bout of illness and the death of her owner, Tubman decided to escape slavery in Maryland for Philadelphia.
When did Harriet Tubman start working for the Underground Railroad?
On this date in 1849, Harriet Tubman began her work with the Underground Railroad. This was a network of antislavery activists who helped African slaves escape from the South. On her first trip, Tubman brought her own sister and her sister’s two children out of slavery in Maryland.
How many years did Harriet Tubman run the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman is perhaps the most well-known of all the Underground Railroad’s “conductors.” During a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom. And, as she once proudly pointed out to Frederick Douglass, in all of her journeys she “never lost a single passenger.”
When did the Underground Railroad began and end?
The Underground Railroad was formed in the early 19th century and reached its height between 1850 and 1860.
What age did Harriet Tubman escape slavery?
By age five, Tubman’s owners rented her out to neighbors as a domestic servant. Early signs of her resistance to slavery and its abuses came at age twelve when she intervened to keep her master from beating an enslaved man who tried to escape.
Is Gertie Davis died?
Harriet Tubman’s exact age would be 201 years 10 months 28 days old if alive. Total 73,747 days. Harriet Tubman was a social life and political activist known for her difficult life and plenty of work directed on promoting the ideas of slavery abolishment.
Where did the Underground Railroad start?
In the early 1800s, Quaker abolitionist Isaac T. Hopper set up a network in Philadelphia that helped enslaved people on the run. At the same time, Quakers in North Carolina established abolitionist groups that laid the groundwork for routes and shelters for escapees.
Was Underground Railroad a train?
Nope! Despite its name, the Underground Railroad wasn’t a railroad in the way Amtrak or commuter rail is. It wasn’t even a real railroad. It was a metaphoric one, where “conductors,” that is basically escaped slaves and intrepid abolitionists, would lead runaway slaves from one “station,” or save house to the next.
What are 5 facts about Harriet Tubman?
8 amazing facts about Harriet Tubman
- Tubman’s codename was “Moses,” and she was illiterate her entire life.
- She suffered from narcolepsy.
- Her work as “Moses” was serious business.
- She never lost a slave.
- Tubman was a Union scout during the Civil War.
- She cured dysentery.
- She was the first woman to lead a combat assault.
What year is Underground Railroad set in?
The Underground Railroad takes place around 1850, the year of the Fugitive Slave Act’s passage. It makes explicit mention of the draconian legislation, which sought to ensnare runaways who’d settled in free states and inflict harsh punishments on those who assisted escapees.
Does the Underground Railroad still exist?
It includes four buildings, two of which were used by Harriet Tubman. Ashtabula County had over thirty known Underground Railroad stations, or safehouses, and many more conductors. Nearly two-thirds of those sites still stand today.
When was the Underground Railroad most active?
Established in the early 1800s and aided by people involved in the Abolitionist Movement, the underground railroad helped thousands of slaves escape bondage. By one estimate, 100,000 slaves escaped from bondage in the South between 1810 and 1850.
Did Harriet Tubman have epilepsy?
Her mission was getting as many men, women and children out of bondage into freedom. When Tubman was a teenager, she acquired a traumatic brain injury when a slave owner struck her in the head. This resulted in her developing epileptic seizures and hypersomnia.
When was Harriet Tubman died?
Tubman continued to show her tenacity by living to the age of 93, dying on March 10, 1913 from pneumonia. She spent the last two years of her life living in the very home she created to help others less fortunate.
How many slaves did Jefferson own?
Despite working tirelessly to establish a new nation founded upon principles of freedom and egalitarianism, Jefferson owned over 600 enslaved people during his lifetime, the most of any U.S. president.
Harriet Tubman
As an escaped enslaved woman, Harriet Tubman worked as a “conductor” on the Underground Railroad, guiding enslaved individuals to freedom before the Civil War, all while a bounty was placed on her head. But she was also a nurse, a spy for the Union, and a proponent of women’s rights. Tubman is one of the most well-known figures in American history, and her legacy has inspired countless individuals of all races and ethnicities around the world.
When Was Harriet Tubman Born?
Harriet Tubman was born in 1820 on a plantation in Dorchester County, Maryland, and became well-known as a pioneer. Her parents, Harriet (“Rit”) Green and Benjamin Ross, gave her the name Araminta Ross and referred to her as “Minty” as a nickname. Rit worked as a chef in the plantation’s “large house,” while Benjamin was a wood worker on the plantation’s “little house.” As a tribute to her mother, Araminta changed her given name to Harriet later in life. However, the reality of slavery pulled many of Harriet’s siblings and sisters apart, despite Rit’s attempts to keep the family united.
Harriet was hired as a muskrat trap setter by a planter when she was seven years old, and she was later hired as a field laborer by the same planter.
A Good Deed Gone Bad
Harriet’s yearning for justice first manifested itself when she was 12 years old and witnessed an overseer prepare to hurl a heavy weight at a runaway. Harriet took a step between the enslaved person and the overseer, and the weight of the person smacked her in the head. Afterwards, she described the occurrence as follows: “The weight cracked my head. They had to carry me to the home because I was bleeding and fainting. Because I was without a bed or any place to lie down at all, they threw me on the loom’s seat, where I stayed for the rest of the day and the following day.” As a result of her good act, Harriet has suffered from migraines and narcolepsy for the remainder of her life, forcing her to go into a deep slumber at any time of day.
She was undesirable to potential slave purchasers and renters because of her physical disability.
Escape from Slavery
Harriet’s father was freed in 1840, and Harriet later discovered that Rit’s owner’s final will and testament had freed Rit and her children, including Harriet, from slavery. Despite this, Rit’s new owner refused to accept the will and instead held Rit, Harriett, and the rest of her children in bondage for the remainder of their lives. Harriet married John Tubman, a free Black man, in 1844, and changed her last name from Ross to Tubman in honor of her new husband.
Harriet’s marriage was in shambles, and the idea that two of her brothers—Ben and Henry—were going to be sold prompted her to devise a plan to flee. She was not alone in her desire to leave.
Harriet Tubman: Underground Railroad
On September 17, 1849, Harriet, Ben, and Henry managed to flee their Maryland farm and reach the United States. The brothers, on the other hand, changed their minds and returned. Harriet persisted, and with the assistance of the Underground Railroad, she was able to journey 90 miles north to Pennsylvania and freedom. Tubman got employment as a housekeeper in Philadelphia, but she wasn’t content with simply being free on her own; she desired freedom for her family and friends, as well as for herself.
She attempted to relocate her husband John to the north at one time, but he had remarried and preferred to remain in Maryland with his new wife.
Fugitive Slave Act
The Runaway Slave Act of 1850 authorized the apprehension and enslavement of fugitive and released laborers in the northern United States. Consequently, Harriet’s task as an Underground Railroad guide became much more difficult, and she was obliged to take enslaved people even farther north into Canada by leading them through the night, generally during the spring or fall when the days were shorter. She carried a revolver for her personal security as well as to “encourage” any of her charges who might be having second thoughts about following her orders.
Within 10 years, Harriet became acquainted with other abolitionists like as Frederick Douglass, Thomas Garrett, and Martha Coffin Wright, and she built her own Underground Railroad network of her own.
Despite this, it is thought that Harriet personally guided at least 70 enslaved persons to freedom, including her elderly parents, and that she educated scores of others on how to escape on their own in the years following the Civil War.
The Little-Known Underground Railroad That Ran South to Mexico.
Harriet Tubman’s Civil War Service
In 1861, as the American Civil War broke out, Harriet discovered new methods of combating slavery. She was lured to Fort Monroe to provide assistance to runaway enslaved persons, where she served as a nurse, chef, and laundress. In order to assist sick troops and runaway enslaved people, Harriet employed her expertise of herbal medicines. She rose to the position of director of an intelligence and reconnaissance network for the Union Army in 1863. In addition to providing Union commanders with critical data regarding Confederate Army supply routes and personnel, she assisted in the liberation of enslaved persons who went on to join Black Union battalions.
Despite being at just over five feet tall, she was a force to be reckoned with, despite the fact that it took more than three decades for the government to recognize her military accomplishments and provide her with financial compensation.
Harriet Tubman’s Later Years
In 1861, as the American Civil War broke out, Harriet discovered new means to resist slavery. As a nurse, chef, and laundress at Fort Monroe, she was recruited to aid fugitive enslaved persons from their captors. In order to heal sick troops and runaway enslaved people, Harriet employed her expertise of herbal remedies. In 1863, Harriet was appointed as the chief of the Union Army’s spy and scouting network. In addition to providing critical intelligence to Union commanders concerning Confederate Army supply routes and personnel, she assisted in the liberation of enslaved persons who went on to serve in Union regiments known as “Black Union regiments.” Her military accomplishments were recognized and compensated after more than three decades, despite her height of barely over five feet.
Harriet Tubman: 20 Dollar Bill
The SS Harriet Tubman, which was named for Tubman during World War I, is a memorial to her legacy. In 2016, the United States Treasury announced that Harriet Tubman’s portrait will be used on the twenty-dollar note, replacing the image of former President and slaveowner Andrew Jackson. Later, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin (who previously worked under President Trump) indicated that the new plan will be postponed until at least 2026 at the earliest. President Biden’s administration stated in January 2021 that it will expedite the design phase of the project.
Sources
Early years of one’s life. The Harriet Tubman Historical Society was founded in 1908. General Tubman was a female abolitionist who also served as a secret military weapon during the Civil War. Military Times is a publication that publishes news on the military. Harriet Tubman is a historical figure. Biography. Biography. Harriet Tubman is a historical figure. Thompson AME Zion Church, Thompson Home for the Aged, and Thompson Residence are all located in Thompson. The National Park Service is a federal agency.
- Myths against facts.
- Kate Clifford Larson, Ph.D.
- Harriet Tubman is a historical figure.
- National Women’s History Museum exhibit about Harriet Tubman.
- The Harriet Tubman Historical Society was founded in 1908.
- The Underground Railroad (Urban Railroad).
Harriet Tubman
Frequently Asked Questions
Who was Harriet Tubman?
In the United States, Harriet Tubman, née Araminta Ross, (born c. 1820 in Dorchester County, Maryland, U.S.—died March 10, 1913 in Auburn, New York) was an abolitionist who managed to escape from slavery in the South and rise to prominence before the American Civil War. As part of the Underground Railroad, which was an extensive covert network of safe homes built specifically for this reason, she was responsible for guiding scores of enslaved persons to freedom in the North. Araminta Ross was born into slavery and eventually assumed her mother’s maiden name, Harriet, as her own.
- When she was approximately 12 years old, she reportedly refused to assist an overseer in punishing another enslaved person; as a result, he hurled an iron weight that accidently struck her, causing her to suffer a terrible brain injury, which she would endure for the rest of her life.
- Tubman went to Philadelphia in 1849, allegedly on the basis of rumors that she was due to be sold.
- In December 1850, she made her way to Baltimore, Maryland, where she was reunited with her sister and two children who had joined her in exile.
- A long-held belief that Tubman made around 19 excursions into Maryland and assisted upwards of 300 individuals out of servitude was based on inflated estimates in Sara Bradford’s 1868 biography of Tubman.
- If anyone opted to turn back, putting the operation in jeopardy, she reportedly threatened them with a revolver and stated, “You’ll either be free or die,” according to reports.
- One such example was evading capture on Saturday evenings since the story would not emerge in the newspapers until the following Monday.
- It has been stated that she never lost sight of a runaway she was escorting to safety.
Abolitionists, on the other hand, praised her for her bravery.
Her parents (whom she had brought from Maryland in June 1857) and herself moved to a tiny farm outside Auburn, New York, about 1858, and remained there for the rest of her life.
Tubman spied on Confederate territory while serving with the Second Carolina Volunteers, who were under the leadership of Col.
Montgomery’s forces were able to launch well-coordinated attacks once she returned with intelligence regarding the locations of munitions stockpiles and other strategic assets.
Immediately following the Civil War, Tubman relocated to Auburn, where she began caring for orphans and the elderly, a practice that culminated in the establishment of the Harriet Tubman Home for IndigentAged Negroes in 1892.
Aside from suffrage, Tubman became interested in a variety of other issues, including the abolition of slavery.
A private measure providing for a $20 monthly stipend was enacted by Congress some 30 years after her contribution was recognized. Those in charge of editing the Encyclopaedia Britannica Jeff Wallenfeldt was the author of the most recent revision and update to this article.
Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad
- Demonstrate how regional disparities in regard to slavery contributed to tensions in the years leading up to the American Civil War.
Harriet Tubman was faced with a dreadful decision in 1849, after having endured the harsh circumstances of slavery for 24 years and fearing that she would be separated from her family again, she had to choose. On the one hand, she desired the protection of her unalienable right to liberty, which would ensure that no one could unilaterally rule over her. To obtain it, on the other hand, she would have to leave her husband and family behind in order to do so. Tubman took the decision to flee slavery and the chains of servitude by rushing away to the North through the Underground Railroad, which was a network of people who assisted enslaved people in securely escaping slavery in the United States.
- Her mother and father were both abolitionists (many slaves, like Frederick Douglass, guessed at their birth year).
- When she was in her thirties, she married a free black man called John Tubman and changed her given name to Harriet in honor of her mother, who had died when she was young.
- This terrible life of hard labor and physical punishment produced lifelong scars from lashes and brain damage from uncontrolled beatings, which she carried with her for the rest of her life.
- When she refused, the man hurled a two-pound weight at her and whacked her in the head with it, breaking her skull.
- She had seizures and migraines for the remainder of her life, and she was hospitalized several times.
- After escaping to Pennsylvania on her own, Tubman went on to work as a conductor in the Underground Railroad, returning to the South on several occasions to assist others from slavery.
- Tubman’s voyages were aided by members of the Quaker church, who were opposed to slavery, as well as by numerous African Americans.
Tubman made the decision to assist others in fleeing because she thought that their freedom was more important than her own safety and that it was her obligation to assist those who were unable to flee on their own own.
She disguised herself in order to avoid being apprehended, and she faced several challenges in order to complete the travels.
Adding to the risk, in 1850, Congress passed a tougher Fugitive Slave Act, which permitted slave catchers to go to the northern United States and apprehend alleged runaway slaves, who were then returned to their masters.
Slaveholders placed advertisements in newspapers describing the runaways and offering monetary rewards, but abolitionists mobilized large groups of people to defend the runaways from slave hunters.
Faced with the ongoing threats, her strength, courage, drive, and sense of duty enabled her to confront them with dignity.
Harriet Tubman, depicted here in her older years, rose to prominence as a symbol of heroism and independence.
As a teacher in Beaufort, South Carolina, in 1862, she educated former enslaved people who were living in Union-controlled territory, according to her bio.
Navy ships, and she took part in the Combahee River Raid, which removed Confederate defenses from the region.
The packed ships aided in the emancipation of 750 slaves, many of whom enlisted in the Union Army to fight for the expansion of freedom.
To build the Home for the Aged in Auburn, New York, she sought assistance from abolitionists like as Fredrick Douglass, Susan B.
When she became too elderly and infirm to administer the house, she deeded the property to the Church of Zion, which agreed to take over management of the facility for her.
Harriet Tubman never lost sight of her sense that she had a responsibility to accomplish as much good as she could for as long as she had the ability to continue.
She was never apprehended, and she never lost sight of anybody she was guiding to freedom. The abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison dubbed her “Moses” because she had led her people out of slavery in the same way as the historical Moses did.
Review Questions
1. Why was the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 regarded as tougher than the acts it succeeded in replacing?
- It made it impossible for slaveholders to track down escaped enslaved folks. It allowed for heavier penalty for anyone who assisted fugitive enslaved individuals in their escape
- Therefore, Northerners who supported runaways would no longer face criminal prosecution. Its laws were applicable to the northern United States and Canada
- Nonetheless,
“When Israel was in Egypt’s territory, let my people depart!” says the prophet. They were oppressed to the point that they could no longer stand. Allow my folks to leave! Moses, please come down. All the way down in Egypt’s territory Tell old Pharaoh, “Allow my people to leave!” The lines of this devotional hymn are especially applicable to the antebellum activities of the Confederacy.
- Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe, William Lloyd Garrison, and John Calhoun are all historical figures.
What Christian denomination had a strong association with the anti-slavery campaign prior to the American Civil War? 4. During the period leading up to the Civil War, Harriet Tubman served as a conductor on the underground railroad.
- The War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, and the Plains Wars are all examples of historical events.
5. Harriet Tubman was referred to as “Moses” by William Lloyd Garrison since she was a descendant of Moses.
- Because of this, Harriet Tubman was dubbed “Moses” by William Lloyd Garrison.
6. With the passing of the Compromise of 1850, the subterranean railroad’s final goal shifted, owing to the fact that
- Canadian authorities ensured safe passage for fugitive slaves, and the completion of the Erie Canal made it easier and less expensive for them to reach New York City. There were numerous economic opportunities in the new western territories, but the new fugitive slave law increased the risks for escapees.
7. Even after the Civil War, Harriet Tubman demonstrated her conviction that she should do good for others by establishing the Harriet Tubman Foundation.
- Building a home for elderly and impoverished blacks in Auburn, New York
- Continuing to aid enslaved people in their escape from slavery by leading raids on southern plantations
- Disguising herself in order to escape from a Confederate prison and serve as a teacher
- Writing an inspiring autobiography detailing her heroic life
Free Response Questions
- Explain why Harriet Tubman made the decision to flee slavery in the first place. Give an explanation of how Harriet Tubman came to be known as “Moses.” Give an explanation as to why Underground Railroad operators like as Harriet Tubman, were forced, after 1850, to expand their routes to include Canada.
AP Practice Questions
The paths of the Underground Railroad are highlighted in red on this map. Please refer to the map that has been supplied. 1. The map that has been presented is the most accurate.
- The influence of the transportation revolution of the Jacksonian Era
- The limits of westward expansion
- Opposition to state and federal laws
- And the fall in cotton farming are all discussed in detail in this chapter.
The influence of the transportation revolution of the Jacksonian Era; the limits of westward expansion; opposition to state and federal laws; and the fall in cotton farming are all discussed in detail in this section.
- There was the greatest amount of engagement in free states that were closest to slave states
- New England, on the other hand, had just a tiny link to the abolitionist cause. The Erie Canal boats provided safe passage for enslaved people who were fleeing their masters. Communities of fugitive enslaved people established themselves around the southern coasts of the Great Lakes.
Primary Sources
Lois E. Horton, ed., Harriet Tubman and the Fight for Freedom: A Brief History with Documents. Harriet Tubman and the Fight for Freedom: A Brief History with Documents. Bedford Books, Boston, Massachusetts, 2013.
Suggested Resources
The Fight for Freedom: A Brief History with Documents is edited by Lois E. Horton. Harriet Tubman and the Fight for Freedom is published by Horton et al. Bedford Books published a book in Boston in 2013 titled
Harriet Tubman—facts and information
Lois E. Horton, ed., Harriet Tubman and the Fight for Freedom: A Brief History with Documents (Harriet Tubman and the Fight for Freedom: A Brief History with Documents). Bedford Books published a book in Boston in 2013.
Harriet Tubman
| Harriet Tubman is perhaps the most well-known of all the Underground Railroad’s “conductors.” During a ten-year span she made 19 trips into the South and escorted over 300 slaves to freedom. And, as she once proudly pointed out to Frederick Douglass, in all of her journeys she “never lost a single passenger.” Tubman was born a slave in Maryland’s Dorchester County around 1820. At age five or six, she began to work as a house servant. Seven years later she was sent to work in the fields. While she was still in her early teens, she suffered an injury that would follow her for the rest of her life. Always ready to stand up for someone else, Tubman blocked a doorway to protect another field hand from an angry overseer. The overseer picked up and threw a two-pound weight at the field hand. It fell short, striking Tubman on the head. She never fully recovered from the blow, which subjected her to spells in which she would fall into a deep sleep.Around 1844 she married a free black named John Tubman and took his last name. (She was born Araminta Ross; she later changed her first name to Harriet, after her mother.) In 1849, in fear that she, along with the other slaves on the plantation, was to be sold, Tubman resolved to run away. She set out one night on foot. With some assistance from a friendly white woman, Tubman was on her way. She followed the North Star by night, making her way to Pennsylvania and soon after to Philadelphia, where she found work and saved her money. The following year she returned to Maryland and escorted her sister and her sister’s two children to freedom. She made the dangerous trip back to the South soon after to rescue her brother and two other men. On her third return, she went after her husband, only to find he had taken another wife. Undeterred, she found other slaves seeking freedom and escorted them to the North.Tubman returned to the South again and again. She devised clever techniques that helped make her “forays” successful, including using the master’s horse and buggy for the first leg of the journey; leaving on a Saturday night, since runaway notices couldn’t be placed in newspapers until Monday morning; turning about and heading south if she encountered possible slave hunters; and carrying a drug to use on a baby if its crying might put the fugitives in danger. Tubman even carried a gun which she used to threaten the fugitives if they became too tired or decided to turn back, telling them, “You’ll be free or die.”By 1856, Tubman’s capture would have brought a $40,000 reward from the South. On one occasion, she overheard some men reading her wanted poster, which stated that she was illiterate. She promptly pulled out a book and feigned reading it. The ploy was enough to fool the men.Tubman had made the perilous trip to slave country 19 times by 1860, including one especially challenging journey in which she rescued her 70-year-old parents. Of the famed heroine, who became known as “Moses,” Frederick Douglass said, “Excepting John Brown – of sacred memory – I know of no one who has willingly encountered more perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people than.” And John Brown, who conferred with “General Tubman” about his plans to raid Harpers Ferry, once said that she was “one of the bravest persons on this continent.”Becoming friends with the leading abolitionists of the day, Tubman took part in antislavery meetings. On the way to such a meeting in Boston in 1860, in an incident in Troy, New York, she helped a fugitive slave who had been captured.During the Civil War Harriet Tubman worked for the Union as a cook, a nurse, and even a spy. After the war she settled in Auburn, New York, where she would spend the rest of her long life. She died in 1913.Image Credit: Moorland-Spingarn Research Center |
Underground Railroad Bibliography
Herbert Aptheker is the author of this work. Ideology of Abolitionism, Revolutionary Political Movement G.K. Hall & Company, Boston, 1989. Lerone Bennett is a fictional character created by author Lerone Bennett. Before the Mayflower: A Brief History of Black America is a collection of essays about the history of black people in America before the Mayflower. Johnson Publishing Company, Chicago, Illinois, 1982. Ira Berlin is a fictional character created by author Ira Berlin. Hundreds of Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America.
- The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press published the book in 1998 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- The Hippocrene Guide to the Underground Railroad is a guide to the Underground Railroad written by Hippocrene.
- Charles Blockson is the author of this work.
- Prentice Hall Publishing Company, New York, 1987.
- The Underground Railroad: Dramatic First-Hand Accounts of Daring Escapes to Freedom is a collection of dramatic first-person accounts of daring escapes to freedom.
- 1987.
- Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California, 1971.
Harriet Tubman, “The Moses of Her People,” was published in 1869.
Frederick Douglass was a famous American author.
Knopf Publishing Group, New York, 1994.
Frederick Douglass’s Thoughts and Feelings are explored in this book.
Cromwell & Company, New York, 1968.
Slavery as Seen from the North Side.
Ericson, David F., “The Debate Over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in Antebellum America,” in The Debate Over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in Antebellum America, edited by David F.
The New York University Press published a book in 2000 titled Paul Finkelman, ed., Slavery and the Law.
Madison, WI: Madison House Publishers, 1997.
Larry Gara is the author of this work.
The University Press of Kentucky published this book in 1996.
Between Slavery and Freedom: The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750-1925 Vintage Books, a division of Random House, published the book in 1976 in New York.
1831-1861: The Abolitionists and the Southern Confederacy The University Press of Kentucky published this book in 1995.
is a member of the Hornsby family.
From 1619 until the present, significant events and people have occurred.
Harriet Jacobs is a writer who lives in New York City.
Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1987.
In the United States, there are several underground railroad resources.
The National Park Service is a federal agency.
The United States Department of the Interior published this publication in 1998 in Washington, D.C.
The Department of the Interior of the United States of America published this publication in 1995.
The Department of the Interior of the United States of America published this book in 1996 in Washington, D.C.
His Promised Land: The Autobiography of John P.
Parker, a former slave and conductor on the Underground Railroad.
Norton & Company, New York, 1996.
Facts about the Underground Railroad, as well as authentic narratives, letters, and other materials PorterCoates Publishing Company, Philadelphia, 1872.
“Hidden in Plain View: A Secret Story of Quilts and the UGRR,” by Jacqueline Tobin and Raymond G. Dobard, is available online. Doubleday Publishing Company, New York, 1999.
Indiana Resources
Ronald Baker is the author of this work. Homeless, friendless, and penniless: The WPA conducts interviews with former slaves who are now residents of Indiana. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, 2000. Maxine Brown is the author of this work. A Study of Free Blacks’ Participation in the Underground Railroad Activities of Central Indiana The DNR-DHPA published a report in 2001 titled COL. WILLIAM Cockrum’s obituary. The Anti-Slavery League’s investigation into the Underground Railroad’s history was published in the book The History of the Underground Railroad.
- Levi Coffin is a fictional character created by author Levi Coffin.
- Mark Coomer is the author of this work.
- Indianapolis.
- The DNR-DHPA published a report in 2001 titled Xenia, you have a cord.
- The Indiana Historical Society published this book in 1993.
- Bury me in a Free Land: The Abolitionist Movement in Indiana, 1816-1865, is a book on the Abolitionist Movement in Indiana, 1816-1865.
- Slavery and the Law, edited by Paul Finkelman, is available online.
Madison, WI: Madison House Publishers, 1997.
Associated with the Underground Railroad in the Indianapolis Area: Interpretive Narratives The DNR-DHPA published a report in 2001 titled Furlong, Patrick J., ed., The South Bed Fugitive Slave Case (The South Bed Fugitive Slave Case).
Goodall, Hurley C.
Goodall Publishing Company, Muncie, Indiana, 2000.
Underground Railroad: The Invisible Road to Freedom Through Indiana is a project of the Works Progress Administration’s Writers Project.
The Anti-Slavery Movement in Henry County, Indiana: A Study of the Local Abolitionists is a study of the anti-slavery movement in Henry County, Indiana.
Marlene Lu is the author of this article.
The DNR-DHPA published a report in 2001 titled George Olshausen is a writer who lives in New York City.
Pamela R.
Originally published by McFarlandCompany, Inc.
The Underground Railroad and the Antislavery Movement in Fort Wayne and Allen County, Indiana, by Angela M.
Fort Wayne, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2000.
The Indiana Negro Registers, 1852-1865 are available online.
Emma Lou Thornbrough’s Indiana in the Civil War Era 1850-1880 is available online.
Emma Lou Thornbrough is a fictional character created by author Emma Lou Thornbrough. Before 1900, there were a lot of black people in Indiana. The Indiana Historical Bureau published this book in 1957 in Indianapolis.
Websites
In their entirety, the original slave tales docsouth.unc.edu This project, Documenting the American South (DAS), brings together historical, literary, and cultural materials on the Southern United States from the colonial period through the early decades of the twentieth century. Throughout the nineteenth, twentieth, and early twentieth centuries, DAS chronicles the individual and communal stories of African Americans who fought for freedom and human rights in the United States. Slave Narratives: Excerpts from the Book It includes passages from early European voyage accounts to Africa, as well as passages from slave narratives.
- Those who survived slavery share their experiences in the documentary Remembering Slavery.
- Many of the interviews were recorded on paper, but other interviewers were able to capture the voices of the former slaves on tape.
- Interactive for PBS Online entitled “Africans in America: America’s Journey through Slavery.” The history of slavery in America is given in four sections, each of which includes a historical narrative, a resource book, and a teacher’s guide.
- Provide a history of the home, an overview of Coffin’s work, as well as a comprehensive connections page.
- With a range of presentation techniques and depths of coverage, the site is unique in its capacity to make the experience of the Underground Railroad accessible to students in elementary, middle, and early high school.
- Students in the upper grades can study “Routes to Freedom,” which includes a map that can be magnified, and “Timeline,” which provides accurate facts.
- In the “For Kids” section, young detectives may investigate some of the greatest and most imaginative hiding places utilized by tourists.
- The National Underground Railroad Freedom Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting freedom from slavery and other forms of oppression.
- Among the resources available are an introduction, a map of the routes, a list of railroad sites organized by state, and a links page with a comprehensive bibliography.
- These pages provide a brief history of the home, farm, or church that is being featured, as well as a photo and information about whether or not the property is accessible to the general public.
It is concerned with more than simply the history of the Underground Railroad. Frederick Douglass was an American civil rights leader. Douglass, his life, and his mansion are all covered in detail. His abolitionist activities are described in detail.
Youth
Patricia Beatty is a writer who lives in the United Kingdom. Who is it that is bringing the cannons? Originally published in 1992 by Morrow Junior Books in New York. Judith Bentley is a writer and editor who lives in New York City. The Underground Railroad was a collaboration between Thomas Garrett and William Still, who were friends for years. Cobblehill Books published the book in 1997 in New York. Raymond Bial is a writer who lives in New York City. Life in the Slave Quarters is a testament to the strength of these arms.
- Raymond Bial is a writer who lives in New York City.
- Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1997.
- Allen Jay and the Underground Railroad are two of the most well-known characters in American history.
- Sylviane A.
- Growing up in Slavery is a difficult experience.
- Brookfield, Conn.: Brookfield Publishing Company, 2001.
- I’m going to make something out of this Nettle.
Fradin, Dennis Brindell, and others.
Peter Still’s Biography is a fictionalized account of his life.
New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 2001.
Get aboard the bus.
Harriet Jacob is a fictional character created by author Harriet Jacob.
1987.
A Slave Family is defined as follows: Crabtree Publishing Company, New York, 2002.
True North: A Novel of the UGRR is a novel about the Underground Railroad of the Great Plains.
Frank Latham is a writer who lives in New York City.
Franklin Watts, Inc.
Ellen Levine is a writer who lives in New York City.
Scholastic Publishing Company, 1988.
The Herald Press, Scottdale, Pennsylvania, published this book in 1975.
Harriet Tubman: The Runaway Slave is a biography of Harriet Tubman.
Meyer, Linda D., et al.
The Parenting Press published this book in 1988.
The Last Days of Slavery, written by Frederick Douglass.
“The Drinking Gourd,” says Monjo in his book F.N.
Kay Moore is the author of this work.
Scholastic Publishing Company, 1994.
Freedom River is a river in the United States of America.
Anita Riggio is a writer living in New York City.
Boyds Mills Press published this book in 1997.
Athenaeum Books for Young Readers published the book in 1997 in New York.
Minty: A Story of Young Harriet Tubman is a fictionalized account of Harriet Tubman’s childhood.
R.
The Underground Railroad: A Historical Account The Children’s Press of Chicago published this book in 1981.
North to Liberty: The Story of the Underground Railroad is a book on the Underground Railroad.
The World Book Encyclopedia is a collection of books published by the World Book Company.
“The Underground Railroad,” as it is known. The World Book Encyclopedia was published in 1997. Sharon Dennis Wyeth is the author of this work. Freedom’s Wings: A Diary of Corey’s Adventures. Scholastic, Inc. (New York, 2001) published the book.
For Teachers
Linda Jacobs and Altman, Linda Slavery and Abolition in the History of the United States Enslow Publishers, Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, 1999. Judith Bentley is a writer and editor who lives in New York City. Harriet Tubman is a historical figure. Franklin Watts Publishing Company, New York, 1990. Charles Charlers and Blockson “The Underground Railroad,” as they say in the United States. National Geographic magazine published an article in July 1984 titled Budda Records is a record label based in New York City.
- Buddha Records released the album in 2001.
- Fiery Vision: The Life and Death of John Brown is a book about the life and death of John Brown.
- Dennis B.
- Clarion Books, New York, published in 2000.
- North Star to Freedom: The Story of the Underground Railroad is a book on the Underground Railroad.
- It is a partnership between Kim and Reggie Harris.
- Ascension Records released the album in 1984 in Philadelphia.
The Underground Railroad was a dangerous place to be.
Patricia McKissack and Frederick McKissack are the authors of this work.
Scholastic Books, New York, 1996.
Roots.
Stowe, Harriet Beecher.
Video
According to ABC News. Taking a Journey to Africa: A Return to the Slave Pens of Ghana Films for the Humanities and Sciences, a division of Films for the Humanities and Sciences, was founded in 2002 in Princeton, New Jersey. Orlando Bagwell is a fictional character created by the author of the novel The Hunger Games. Roots of Resistance: A Story of the Underground Railroad is a book on the Underground Railroad. Raja Productions is a production company based in India. In 1990, a film on the American experience was made.
- Africans in America: America’s Journey Into the Heart of Africa Boston, Massachusetts, 1998.
- Roots.
- Susan Michaels is the author of this work.
- Triage, Inc.
A E Network/The History Channel published a book in New York in 1999. Scott Paddor is the author of this work. Frederick Douglass was an American civil rights leader. Greystone Communications, Inc. is a communications company based in the United States. A E Home Video, New York, New York, 1999.
The Underground Railroad in Indiana
Mary Schons contributed to this article. The 20th of June, 2019 is a Thursday. For 30 years before to the American Civil War, enslaved African Americans utilized the Underground Railroad to gain their freedom, a network known as the Underground Railroad (1861-1865). The “railroad” employed a variety of routes to transport people from slave-supporting states in the South to “free” states in the North and Canada. Sometimes abolitionists, or persons who were opposed to slavery, were responsible for organizing routes for the Underground Railroad.
- There was a great deal of activity on the Underground Railroad in the states that bordered the Ohio River, which served as a boundary between slave and free states.
- Not everyone in Indiana supported the emancipation of enslaved people.
- Because Indiana was a part of the Underground Railroad, its narrative is the tale of all states that had a role in it.
- However, while some people did have secret chambers in their homes or carriages, the great bulk of the Underground Railroad consisted of individuals surreptitiously assisting slaves who were attempting to flee slavery in whatever manner they were able to.
- The persons that were enslaved were referred to as “passengers.” “Stations” were private residences or commercial establishments where passengers and conductors seeking freedom might take refuge.
- If a new owner supported slavery, or if the residence was revealed to be a station on the Underground Railroad, passengers and conductors were obliged to locate a new station or move on somewhere.
- Only a small number of people kept records of this hidden activity in order to protect homeowners and others seeking freedom who required assistance.
People who were found assisting those who had fled slavery faced arrest and imprisonment.
No one knows exactly how the Underground Railroad received its name, nor does anybody care.
Another version of the story assigns the name to a freedom-seeker who was apprehended in Washington, D.C., in the year 1839.
A third narrative connects the name to an enslaved man called Tice Davids, who made the decision to pursue his freedom in 1831, according to the legend.
Unfortunately, there was no boat available to take us over the river.
His enslaver returned to Kentucky without him, claiming that Davids had vanished while traveling on a “underground railroad.” To put it another way, the name “Underground Railroad” had been widely accepted by the mid-1840s.
According to Article 6 of the Northwest Ordinance, slavery was prohibited north of the Ohio River; however, the rule did not apply to enslaved persons who were already residing in the region.
Slavery was a common feature of life in the Northwest Territories at the time.
Indiana was established as a territory in 1800, with future United States PresidentWilliam Henry Harrison serving as the area’s first territorial governor.
Harrison and his followers also believed that permitting slavery in Indiana would increase the state’s population.
Their petition was refused by Congress.
The “contract holder” has the authority to determine how long the victim must be held in slavery.
When Indiana became a state in 1816, its stateConstitutioncontained wording that was comparable to Article 6 of the Northwest Ordinance—new enslaved persons were not permitted, but existing enslaved people were allowed to continue in their current state of enslavement.
The term “slave” was still used to describe some Hoosiers as late as the 1820 census.
(White people were exempt from this requirement.) Indiana’s 1851 Constitution prohibited blacks from voting, serving in the military, or testifying in any trial in which a white person was accused of a crime.
All three pathways eventually went to Michigan and subsequently to Canada, although they took different routes.
Lewis Harding said in a 1915 history of Decatur County, Indiana, that the county was a spot where three roads came together after crossing the Ohio River at separate points in the county.
assisted the escaped slaves in every way imaginable,” he adds, using the injunction as an example.
As Harding says, “the sympathies of the majority of the residents of this nation were with the escaped slave and his rescuer.” Historians now feel that the path to independence resembled a spider’s web rather than three independent pathways to freedom.
While traveling, they had to avoid organized networks of patrolmen who grabbed freedom-seekers and held them hostage for ransom money.
Known as the “President of the Underground Railroad,” Coffin is credited for bringing slavery to Indiana in 1826.
In his memoir, Reminiscences, Coffin tells the story of two girls who escaped Tennessee and sought refuge with their grandparents in the Indiana county of Randolph.
They were not, however, destined to live in safety.
When the alarm went off, it attracted the majority of the settlement’s black people together in a single location.
Unknown to them, an uncle of the two girls rode up on his horse at the same time the enslaver was being held at bay by the grandmother’scorn knife.
They were not given any authorization to enter the premises or search for items, according to him.” The uncle remained at the doorway for as long as he could to continue the dispute with the enslaver.
According to the account, the girls were disguised as guys and sneaked past the crowd to where two horses were waiting for them.
The girls were able to make it to Coffin’s residence without incident.
Eliza Harris’s Indefatigable Escape Indiana is the scene of one of the most famous slave escapes in history, which took place in the state of Indiana.
Harris made the snap decision to flee to Canada with her infant son in tow.
There were no bridges, and there was no way for a raft to get through the thick ice.
Moving from one ice floe to another while carrying her child, she eventually made it to the other end.
Eliza, in fact, is the name of the character who travels across the frigid Ohio.
In order to recover from their ordeal, Harris and her child traveled to Levi Coffin’s Fountain City residence.
In 1854, Levi and Catherine Coffin were on a visit to Canada with their daughter when a woman approached Catherine and introduced herself.
God’s blessings on you!” It was Eliza Harris, who had safely migrated to Chatham, Ontario, Canada, when the call came through.
Illustration provided courtesy of The Library of Congress is a federal government institution that collects and organizes information.
Examine the list of locations to determine if any are in your immediate vicinity.
But it was carried out according to a completely other set of rules.
.
Levi Coffin’s Reminiscences, published in 1880abet Help is a verb that refers to assisting in the committing of a crime.
abolitionist A person who is opposed to slavery as a noun.
authority Making choices is the responsibility of a nounperson or organization.
The payment of a fine or the performance of a contract under the terms of an agreement constitutes a bond, which is an unenforceable agreement.
cattle Andoxen are nouncows.
The American Civil War The American Civil War was fought between the Union (north) and the Confederacy between 1860 and 1865.
conductor A person who escorted slaves to safety and freedom on the Underground Railroad was known as a guide.
The House of Representatives and the Senate are the two chambers of the United States Congress.
convictVerb to find someone guilty of committing a criminal offense.
Municipality is a type of political entity that is smaller than a state or province, but often larger than a city, town, or other municipality.
defendantNounperson or entity who has been accused of committing a crime or engaging in other misconduct.
economy The production, distribution, and consumption of commodities and services are all referred to as a system.
enslave acquainted with the verbto completely control Adjectivewell-known.
forbidVerb to ban or prohibit something.
fugitive a noun or an adjective that has gotten away from the law or another limitation a system or order established by a country, a state, or any other political body; government Harriet Beecher Stowe was an American writer and abolitionist activist who lived from 1811 to 1896.
Nouna huge, flat sheet of ice that is floating on the surface of a body of water.
labor is a noun that refers to work or employment.
Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the term negronoun was frequently used to refer to persons of African descent.
During the American Civil War, the North was comprised of states that backed the United States (Union).
A portion of the modern-day states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota belonged to the Northwest Territory at the time of its creation.
The Ohio River is the greatest tributary of the Mississippi River, with a length of 1,580 kilometers (981 miles).
passenger A fugitive slave seeking freedom on the Underground Railroad is referred to as a noun.
Requests are made verbally, and are frequently accompanied by a document signed by the respondents.
prominentAdjectivethat is significant or stands out.
recover from an accident or strenuous activityVerb to recover from an injury or rigorous activity repeal a verb that means to reverse or reject anything that was previously guaranteed rouse a verb that means to awaken or make active.
Slavery is a noun that refers to the act of owning another human being or being owned by another human being (also known as servitude).
South During the American Civil War, the Confederate States of America (Confederacy) was backed or sympathized with by a huge number of states.
Supreme CourtNounin the United States, the highest judicial authority on questions of national or constitutional significance.
terminology A noungroup of words that are employed in a particular topic area.
Nounland that is protected against invaders by an animal, a person, or the government.
the southern hemisphere Geographic and political territory in the south-eastern and south-central sections of the United States that includes all of the states that sided with the Confederacy during the American Civil War.
unconstitutional Adjective that refers to a violation of the laws of the United States Constitution.
9th President of the United States of America, William Henry HarrisonNoun (1773-1841). (1841). word-of-mouth Informal communication, sometimes known as rumor or rumor mill. NounA official order issued by a government or other authoritative body.
Media Credits
With the exception of promotional graphics, which normally link to another page that carries the media credit, all audio, artwork, photos, and videos are attributed beneath the media asset they are associated with. In the case of media, the Rights Holder is the individual or group that gets credited.
Writer
Mary Schons is a writer who lives in New York City.
Editors
Kara West, Emdash Editing, Jeannie Evers, Emdash Editing
Producer
Kara West, Emdash Editing, Jeannie Evers, and Emdash Publishing
Last Updated
The 20th of June, 2019 Permissions Granted to Users Users’ permissions are detailed in our Terms of Service, which you can see by clicking here. Alternatively, if you have any issues regarding how to reference something from our website in your project or classroom presentation, please speak with your instructor. They will be the most knowledgeable about the selected format. When you contact them, you will need to provide them with the page title, URL, and the date on which you visited the item.
Media
If a media asset is available for download, a download button will show in the lower right corner of the media viewer window. If no download or save button displays, you will be unable to download or save the material.
Text
The text on this page is printable and may be used in accordance with our Terms of Service agreement.
Interactives
Any interactives on this page can only be accessed and used while you are currently browsing our site. Interactives are not available for download.